PSYCHODYNAMIC VIEW ON THE ISSUE OF RESILIENCE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32782/upj/2023-3-6Keywords:
resiliency, psychodynamic approach, resilient factors, attachment theory, mentalization, stress inoculation, psychotherapyAbstract
Understanding the deep roots of the formation of personal resilience is appropriately considered through the prism of the psychodynamic paradigm and attachment theory. Resilience is viewed in combination with internal psychological processes and a certain set of social skills, which are formed and unfolded over a certain period of time, taking into account all attributes and dispositions of the personality, family, society, and cultural environment, as well as the severity, duration, and context of traumatic events. Resilient factors, identified by many studies, include: a sense of subjectivity, reflectiveness, the ability to understand and build effective relationships, a sense of free will, and the presence of social conditions capable of providing support. Formed secure attachment is a predictor of stable resilience. During its formation, important processes for the development of resilience occur, such as: development of mentalization, immunization against stress (stress inoculation), and extended Self. Disorganized attachment currently illustrates one of the paradoxes of resilience. The assumptions described in the article allow defining it as an adaptive response to adverse circumstances. Specific factors for psychotherapeutic work in the psychodynamic perspective are proposed: pre-traumatic, trauma-related, and post-traumatic. A number of reflections on the transformation of the relationship in the therapist-client system, as well as ways and possibilities for strengthening resilience in the psychodynamic approach, are presented. The stability of childhood attachment can change over life under the influence of various factors (protective, resilient), as well as through emotionally corrective experiences provided a reliable relationship with the therapist is in place. Orientation not only on analyzing the past, but also on opening the perspective of the future, with the inherent processes of planning and dreaming, maintaining resourceful memories, and, in general, supporting the client play an important role in the effectiveness of psychotherapy in the path of recovery after traumatic events and the development of resilience.
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